{"id":7605,"date":"2023-03-15T16:09:01","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T13:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/new\/?p=7605"},"modified":"2023-03-23T16:42:31","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T13:42:31","slug":"profilaktika-infektsiji-streptokoka-b-u-novonarodzhenikh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/en\/profilaktika-infektsiji-streptokoka-b-u-novonarodzhenikh\/","title":{"rendered":"Management of Infants at Risk for Group B Streptococcal Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7605\" class=\"elementor elementor-7605\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3fbdeb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"3fbdeb8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-477a308 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"477a308\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63f1cc6\" data-id=\"63f1cc6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a86c4d elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a86c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ARTICLE<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e347304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e347304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\">Management of Infants at Risk for Group B Streptococcal Disease<\/a><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62c0acb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"62c0acb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-384d2d7 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"384d2d7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5219361\" data-id=\"5219361\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3520f64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3520f64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection remains the most common cause of neonatal early-onset sepsis and a significant cause of late-onset sepsis among young infants. Administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is the only currently available effective strategy for the prevention of perinatal GBS early-onset disease, and there is no effective approach for the prevention of late-onset disease.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-88301df elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"88301df\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1991e94\" data-id=\"1991e94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bae83a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bae83a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> The American Academy of Pediatrics joins with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to reaffirm the use of universal antenatal microbiologic-based testing for the detection of maternal GBS colonization to facilitate appropriate administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc95ead elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc95ead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> The purpose of this clinical report is to provide neonatal clinicians with updated information regarding the epidemiology of GBS disease as well current recommendations for the evaluation of newborn infants at risk for GBS disease and for treatment of those with confirmed GBS infection.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-48466f4\" data-id=\"48466f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84fe166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"84fe166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7583\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0430 b \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-1.jpg 560w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-1-64x35.jpg 64w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-1-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c09d3c elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"2c09d3c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5526e7f\" data-id=\"5526e7f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-069f00f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"069f00f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">History<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-358566c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"358566c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first published consensus guidelines on the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease in 1996.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7cddfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7cddfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">These guidelines were developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the American College of Nurse-Midwives, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and other stakeholder organizations1 on the basis of available evidence as well as expert opinion.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a4749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b2a4749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The 1996 consensus guidelines recommended an antenatal either culture\u2013based or risk factor\u2013based approach for the administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to prevent invasive neonatal GBS early-onset disease (EOD). The guidelines were updated in 2002 and 2010.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cbdc67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8cbdc67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evolving epidemiology, newly published data, and changing practice standards inform periodic review of practice guidelines. In 2017, representatives from the CDC, AAP, ACOG, and other stakeholder organizations agreed to review and revise the 2010 GBS guidelines.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98a9d70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98a9d70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Early-Onset-Diseases GBS Infection\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-305003a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"305003a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">GBS EOD defined as isolation of group B Streptococcus organisms from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or another normally sterile site from birth through 6 days of age.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b8e6b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b8e6b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Observations have shown that, most often, early GBS infection has developed in such categories of babies:\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-518bfc8 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"518bfc8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b106888\" data-id=\"b106888\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8476fd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"8476fd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n    <ul class=\"circle_mark-list list\">\n        <li>premature (&#60;37 weeks) - 28% of all cases of the disease;<\/li>\n        <li>birth weight less than 1500 g - approximately 15% of cases of early GBS.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587c4f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"587c4f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The greatest danger is meningitis, which noted in 9.5% of infection episodes.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e68139b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e68139b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The risk of death in early GBS infection is higher in premature babies (19.2% of cases) than in newborns with normal body weight (2.1% die).\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71b8846 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71b8846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Signs of an acute infection process usually develop during the first 48 hours after birth.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-da110f1\" data-id=\"da110f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc832c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dcc832c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7586\" alt=\"\u0421\u0413\u0411 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-2.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-2-64x40.jpg 64w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-2-300x185.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c5143e elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"8c5143e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e34107\" data-id=\"8e34107\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44a78c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44a78c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Late-Onset GBS Disease\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2336ba9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2336ba9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exhibited when detecting SGB in normally sterile tissues of an infant 7-89 days old. The average age of sick babies is 34 days (20-49 days).\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b95fd2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b95fd2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Infections after 3 months of life are sporadic and inherent in children with deep prematurity or immunodeficiency states. Among the patients, more than 42% were newborns weighing less than 1500 g. As with early infection, the development of meningitis is the greatest danger.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e2b4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20e2b4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interestingly, the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis had little effect on the incidence of GBS infection in the late period.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96583b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96583b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pathogenesis and risk factors\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ee23a8 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9ee23a8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f93710\" data-id=\"2f93710\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b48c000 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b48c000\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An obligatory factor in terms of the risk of developing an early GBS in an infant is contamination of the mother's genital tract by this pathogen. The child becomes infected either in the early patrimonial period, by swallowing infected amniotic fluid, or by seeding the oral cavity and intestinal tract during birth through the birth canal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0289753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0289753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">With respect to premature babies, a reverse mechanism is possible: intraamniotic infection leads to too early childbirth. In addition, the fetus becomes infected with GBS shortly before delivery.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d65763f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d65763f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The risk is big enough. So, in the USA, colonization of the genital tract by streptococci of group B noted in 20-30% of pregnant women. \n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95a087\" data-id=\"c95a087\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-485b92e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"485b92e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-3-en.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-7590\" alt=\"Pathogenesis and risk factors\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-3-en.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-3-en-64x41.jpg 64w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-3-en-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c5d246 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"1c5d246\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-68c326e\" data-id=\"68c326e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2800d07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2800d07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Without the appointment of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, GBS infects more than 50% of newborns. An acute infectious process develops in 1-2% of babies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbc5459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbc5459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chance to get sick more in the presence of such risk factors:\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-136d020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"136d020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n    <ul class=\"circle_mark-list list\">\n        <li>prematurity of the fetus due to the immaturity of the immune systems;<\/li>\n        <li>early rupture of amniotic fluid and rupture of amniotic membranes;<\/li>\n        <li>mother-to-fetus fever;<\/li>\n        <li>development of GBS infection in the previous child (if the mother\u2019s birth is repeated).<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28283bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"28283bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">There are researchers who see unqualified gynecological and obstetric manipulations as a risk of infection of the fetus with streptococci. But there is no serious evidence that they are right.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acb0e60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"acb0e60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">As for the late GBS infection, the microbiome of the genital tract of the mother does not play an important role. More significant is the relationship with infant infection as a result of communication with other people. This thesis confirmed by the high incidence of late UBC infections in premature (less than 37 weeks) infants with immature immune mechanisms.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2b999 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d2b999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prevention of perinatal GBS infection\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad84cbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad84cbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Numerous observational and one randomized controlled trial confirm the prophylactic efficacy of antenatal maternal antibiotics. It is believed that the interruption of the vertical transmission of infection is implemented by the following mechanisms:\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e0ebd elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"33e0ebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n    <ol class=\"list ordered-list\">\n        <li>Reducing the number and activity of streptococcus microbiome of the mother.<\/li>\n        <li>Prevention of colonization of the mucous membranes of the fetus \/ newborn.<\/li>\n        <li>Formation in the blood of the fetus \/ infant of therapeutic concentrations of antibiotic that prevent the development of GBS infection.<\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-39c1d47 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"39c1d47\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a80381b\" data-id=\"a80381b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c3fe77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c3fe77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In order to identify indications for prescribing a prophylactic course, it recommended to conduct bacteriological examination of vaginal-rectal cultures for all pregnant women in the period 36-37 weeks. \n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-294f9ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"294f9ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An alternative is the nucleic acid amplification test with GBS smears, urine. Such screening should be carried out in women with the prospect of imminent labor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf95309 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf95309\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An indication for the purpose of a preventive course is a positive result of any study. \n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-799e6e0\" data-id=\"799e6e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-654a495 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"654a495\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7598\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0430 b \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-4.jpg 400w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-4-64x36.jpg 64w, https:\/\/gfmg.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/profilaktikainfektsijistreptokokabunovonarodzhenikh-4-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8ed3f6 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"c8ed3f6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-360d789\" data-id=\"360d789\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11b273d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11b273d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Antibiotic prophylaxis is prescribed to unexamined women and those whose results were negative in the event of such events:\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cee8fcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cee8fcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n    <ol class=\"list ordered-list\">\n        <li>The body temperature in giving birth mother 38 degrees and above.<\/li>\n        <li>Since the rupture of the membranes more than 18 hours have passed.<\/li>\n        <li>In previous births, the fact of the GSS carriage was established.<\/li>\n    <\/ol>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb0cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fcb0cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preparations for the prevention\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5411604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5411604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">It is necessary to adhere to drugs of low toxicity and high activity. Current recommendations offer:\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dd8f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4dd8f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n    <ul class=\"list circle_mark-list\">\n        <li>Ampicillin. 97% reduced contamination of the genital tract of the mother within 2 hours after administration. Penetrates through the placenta and \"covers\" the child.<\/li>\n        <li>Penicillin. The effects are the same, the spectrum is narrower, which makes the drug more preferable than ampicillin.<\/li>\n        <li>Cefazolin. When allergic to lactam antibiotics. Penetrates through the placenta. Therapeutic concentration in cord blood and amniotic waters within 20 minutes after the introduction of the mother.<\/li>\n        <li>Clindamycin. When allergic to penicillins and confirmed sensitivity of streptococci to clindamycin (42% of isolates resistant).<\/li>\n        <li>Vancomycin. If you are allergic to penicillins and microorganism resistance to clindamycin. Therapeutic concentrations in cord blood are reached after 30 minutes.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-307a4b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"307a4b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosage selected based on body weight of the mother. Antibiotics themselves have no negative effect on the fetus.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eddcff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0eddcff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Findings\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fb8418 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fb8418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The widespread introduction of screening for GBS, an objective assessment of the risk of developing an infection, helps to reduce the likelihood of an acute infection process in an infant.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d11e3aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d11e3aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In the following publication, we will look at the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the treatment of newborns with an infection caused by group B streptococcus.\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382ebdc elementor-align-right btn_ico elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"382ebdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/early\/2019\/07\/04\/peds.2019-1881\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"38\" height=\"8\" viewBox=\"0 0 38 8\" fill=\"none\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M37.028 4.20659C37.413 4.02711 37.413 3.47974 37.028 3.30026L30.053 0.0482401C29.6553 -0.137218 29.2286 0.243158 29.3674 0.65952L29.9487 2.40332C29.9655 2.45363 29.9782 2.50511 29.9867 2.55727L0 2.55727L0 4.55728L29.9895 4.55728C29.9827 4.60402 29.9726 4.65028 29.9592 4.6957L29.3133 6.88686C29.1915 7.29984 29.6139 7.66334 30.0042 7.4814L37.028 4.20659Z\" fill=\"white\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">According to the materials of the American Academy of Pediatrics<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0668c0 elementor-post-navigation-borders-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation\" data-id=\"a0668c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-navigation.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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